Integration: Question 9

Syllabus 1.8

Multiple choice AS 1 mark

Which of the following is ∫(2x+3)−2 dx\displaystyle\int (2x+3)^{-2}\,dx?

Choose an answer to check it, then compare with the worked solution below.

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Worked solution

Step 1: Apply the (ax+b)^n rule

Using ∫(ax+b)n dx=(ax+b)n+1a(n+1)+c\displaystyle\int (ax+b)^n\,dx = \frac{(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)}+c with a=2a=2, n=−2n=-2:

The new power is n+1=−1n+1 = -1, and the denominator is a(n+1)=2×(−1)=−2a(n+1) = 2\times(-1) = -2.

∫(2x+3)−2 dx=(2x+3)−1−2+c=−12(2x+3)+c\int (2x+3)^{-2}\,dx = \frac{(2x+3)^{-1}}{-2} + c = -\frac{1}{2(2x+3)} + c

Step 2: Recompute independently by differentiating the candidate answer

ddx(−12(2x+3))=ddx(−12(2x+3)−1)=−12×(−1)(2x+3)−2×2=(2x+3)−2\frac{d}{dx}\left(-\frac{1}{2(2x+3)}\right) = \frac{d}{dx}\left(-\frac12(2x+3)^{-1}\right) = -\frac12 \times (-1)(2x+3)^{-2}\times 2 = (2x+3)^{-2}

This matches the original integrand exactly, confirming the antiderivative in Step 1 is correct.

Why the other options are wrong

  • B: has the wrong sign. This comes from forgetting the negative sign that arises when the power −2-2 becomes −1-1.
  • C: forgets to divide by a=2a=2, only dividing by the new power n+1=−1n+1=-1.
  • D: multiplies by a=2a=2 instead of dividing by it.

Final answer

∫(2x+3)−2 dx=−12(2x+3)+c(Option A)\boxed{\int (2x+3)^{-2}\,dx = -\frac{1}{2(2x+3)} + c} \quad \text{(Option A)}